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BTC’s downside volatility is a feature, not a crisis, says hedge funder

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Bitcoin’s sharp decline — nearly 50% from its all-time highs reached just months ago — has reignited debate over the cryptocurrency’s stability, but hedge fund veteran Gary Bode says the selloff is a feature of the asset’s inherent volatility rather than a sign of a broader crisis.

In a post on X, Bode noted that while the recent price drop is “unpleasant and jarring,” it is not unusual in bitcoin’s history. “80% – 90% drawdowns are common,” he said. “Those who have been willing to stomach the always-temporary volatility have been well-rewarded with incredible long-term returns.”

Much of the recent turbulence, he said, can be traced to market reactions to the nomination of Kevin Warsh to succeed Jerome Powell as Federal Reserve chair. Investors interpreted the move as a signal that the Fed might adopt a hawkish stance, raising interest rates and making zero-yield assets such as bitcoin, gold, and silver relatively less attractive. Margin calls on leveraged positions amplified the decline, causing a cascade of forced selling.

Bode, however, disputes the market’s interpretation. He pointed to Warsh’s public statements supporting lower rates and notes from President Trump suggesting Warsh promised a lower fed funds rate. Combined with Congress’ ongoing multi-trillion-dollar deficits, Bode argued, the Fed has limited ability to influence longer-term Treasury yields — a key factor in corporate borrowing and mortgage rates. “I think the market got this one wrong” he said, emphasizing that perception, rather than fundamentals, drove much of the recent selling.

Other commonly cited explanations, he said, also fail to tell the full story. One theory is that “whales” — early bitcoin holders who mined or purchased coins when prices were near zero — are offloading holdings. While Bode acknowledges that large wallets have been active and some big sellers have emerged, he frames these moves as profit-taking rather than an indication of long-term weakness. “The technical skill of the early adopters and miners is something to be applauded,” he said. “That doesn’t mean that their sales (full or partial) tell us much about the future of bitcoin.”

Bode also flagged Strategy ($MSTR) as a potential source of short-term pressure. The company’s stock fell after bitcoin slid below the prices at which Strategy purchased many of its holdings, prompting fears that Saylor might sell. Bode described this risk as real but limited, comparing it to when Warren Buffett buys a large stake in a company: investors like the support but worry about eventual sales. He stressed that bitcoin itself would survive such events, though prices could temporarily dip.

Another factor is the rise of “paper” bitcoin — financial instruments such as exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and derivatives that track the crypto asset’s price without requiring ownership of the underlying coins. While these instruments increase the effective supply available for trading, they do not alter bitcoin’s hard cap of 21 million coins, which Bode said remains a crucial anchor for long-term value. He drew parallels to the silver market, where increased paper trading initially suppresses prices until physical demand pushes them higher.

Some analysts have suggested that rising energy prices could hurt bitcoin mining and reduce the network’s hash rate, potentially lowering long-term prices. Bode calls this theory overblown.

Historical data shows that past bitcoin price drops did not consistently result in hash rate declines, and when declines did occur, they lagged months behind the price drop.

He also pointed to emerging energy technologies — including small modular nuclear reactors and solar-powered AI data centers — that could provide low-cost power for mining in the future.

Bode also addressed critiques that bitcoin is not a “store of value.” While some argue that its volatility disqualifies it from this role, Bode points out that nearly every asset carries risk — including fiat currencies backed by heavily indebted governments. “[…] Gold does require energy to secure unless you’re comfortable leaving it on your front porch,” he said. “Paper Bitcoin can influence the short-term price, but long-term, there are 21MM coins that will be issued and if you want to own Bitcoin, that’s the real asset. Bitcoin is permissionless and requires no trust in a counterparty.”

Ultimately, Bode’s assessment frames the recent decline as a natural consequence of bitcoin’s design. Volatility is part of the game and those willing to endure it may ultimately be rewarded. For investors, the key takeaway is that price swings, no matter how dramatic, are not necessarily a signal of systemic risk.

Pluto Finance appoints Carl Bowcher as lending director

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Pluto Finance (“Pluto”) has expanded its UK team with the appointment of Carl Bowcher as lending director. 

Bowcher joins from Cynergy Bank, where he spent six years establishing and overseeing its development finance team. 

Over a 30-year career in UK banking, Bowcher has an established history of managing teams across various real estate lending and investment sectors at Santander, Oblix Capital, NatWest Bank and HSBC. 

Mario Ioannides, partner at Pluto Finance, said: “Carl brings with him a wealth of experience and we are looking forward to his contributions here.

“We are on a strong growth trajectory and welcome Carl to the team as our seventh lending director.” 

Bowcher will be working closely with Pluto’s developer and investor partners to structure competitive, flexible financing solutions across the full suite of lending products. 

Carl Bowcher said: “Pluto Finance has built a strong reputation as one of the UK’s most responsive and relationship‑focused real estate lenders, supporting developers and investors across the residential, PBSA, and commercial sectors. 

“It’s clear that the level of professionalism within the team is second to none and I’m delighted to be part of it.”

Forward Industries (FWDI) is well positioned to consolidate the digital asset treasury sector

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Nasdaq-listed Forward Industries (FWDI) is uniquely positioned to consolidate the beaten-down digital asset treasury space because it carries no corporate debt and is completely unlevered, giving it room to play offense while peers retrench, according to Ryan Navi, the company’s chief investment officer.

“Scale plus an unlevered balance sheet is a real advantage in this market. We can play offense when others are playing defense,” Navi told CoinDesk in an interview.

“Forward Industries has strategically avoided leverage and debt by design, giving us the flexibility to responsibly deploy leverage when market opportunities arise, Navi said. “The foundation we’ve built for Forward allows us to operate effectively in market conditions with abundant opportunity, and positions us to act as a net consolidator rather than a forced seller,” he added.

Digital asset treasury companies, firms whose balance sheets are heavily weighted toward cryptocurrencies, have come under growing pressure amid the recent market downturn. Falling crypto prices have squeezed asset values and pushed leverage higher, forcing some companies to sell portions of their crypto holdings to service debt and shore up liquidity, raising questions about the model’s sustainability in prolonged bear markets.

Forward Industries is no exception. With about 7 million solana tokens acquired at an average price of $232, the company stack is worth about $600 million at SOL’s current level just above $85. That represents a paper loss of roughly $1 billion. FWDI’s stock has slumped from a high near $40 at last year’s peak of the digital asset treasury company frenzy to the current price just above $5.

Becoming a solana treasury giant

Forward Industries’ center of gravity shifted sharply in 2025, when it raised roughly $1.65 billion in a private investment in public equity led by Galaxy Digital, Jump Crypto and Multicoin Capital. The deal transformed the firm into the largest solana-focused treasury company in the public markets, with holdings larger than its next three competitors combined. The strategy is straightforward: accumulate SOL, stake it to earn onchain yield and use the firm’s cost-of-capital advantage to drive per-share accretion over time.

Buying in a dislocated market

Navi, who joined the firm in December after stints as a principal at KKR and as managing director at ParaFi Capital, said crypto equities remain deeply dislocated, creating opportunities for disciplined capital allocation to be highly accretive. When sentiment improves and the stock trades above net asset value, Forward can issue equity to buy more crypto; when markets are weaker, accretion can be easier to generate, he said, as prices and expectations are already compressed.

Why Solana

The bet on Solana is as much about fundamentals as it is about positioning. While Ethereum remains the dominant smart-contract platform by market capitalization and decentralization, Navi argues it has become slower and more expensive, with layer-2 networks fragmenting liquidity and, in his view, diluting value at the base layer.

Solana, by contrast, is optimized for speed, cost and finality, qualities that matter most for consumer applications and capital-markets use cases. Viral moments like last year’s meme-driven surge in activity proved the chain can handle millions of users and extraordinary transaction throughput, even if those applications themselves were fleeting. “That showed what’s possible,” Navi said. “It’s a question of when, not if, the next breakout app arrives.”

A lower cost of capital

Forward’s balance-sheet flexibility extends beyond simple buy-and-hold. The company stakes its SOL at roughly a 6% to 7% yield, a rate that will gradually decline as Solana’s programmed issuance falls and supply becomes increasingly disinflationary.

It has also partnered with Sanctum to issue a liquid staking token, fwdSOL, which earns staking rewards while remaining usable as collateral in decentralised finance (DeFi). On venues like Kamino, Navi said, Forward can borrow against that collateral at costs below the staking yield, creating a more capital-efficient structure than most peers can access.

A permanent-capital play

Longer term, Navi sees Forward as a permanent-capital vehicle rather than a trade, more akin to a Berkshire Hathaway than a fund with redemptions or a fixed life. That opens the door to underwriting real-world assets, tokenized royalties and other cash-flowing businesses that clear the company’s cost of capital and can eventually be brought in-house.

“We’re not running a trading book, we’re building a long-term Solana treasury,” Navi said. “What differentiates Forward is discipline: no leverage, no debt, and a long-term view on Solana as strategic infrastructure rather than a short-term bet.”

In the near term, he added, widespread stress across the sector has left many digital asset treasury companies trading at steep discounts, setting the stage for consolidation.

With no leverage, deep backing from blue-chip crypto investors and the largest SOL balance in the public markets, Navi believes Forward is one of the few firms positioned to lead that roll-up.

Kyle Samani said Wednesday that he was stepping down as managing director of Multicoin Capital while remaining chairman of Forward Industries. He notably is taking his exit from the Multicoin Master Fund in FWDI shares and warrants instead of cash.

Read more: Forward Industries Launches $4B ATM Offering to Expand Solana Treasury

Tether Joins Turkey’s Fight Against Illegal Betting in $544M Crypto Case

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Tether found itself at the center of two big stories this week, one legal and one market-driven, each showing a different side of how stablecoins shape crypto activity.

One story involves a law enforcement request that led to a large freeze of assets. The other shows fresh USDT supply hitting markets during a sharp Bitcoin selloff.

Gambling Ops Busted

According to reports, Turkish prosecutors asked for help after tracing crypto funds tied to what they say was an illegal online betting operation.

Tether responded by freezing wallets linked to that probe, blocking movement of roughly $544 million in suspected ill-gotten funds.

Paolo Ardoino, Tether’s CEO, has been quoted as saying the company cooperates with law enforcement and follows compliance procedures in these cases.

Reports say this action sits alongside Tether’s wider record of working with authorities in more than 1,800 cases across 62 countries and has resulted in the freezing of billions in USDT over time.

Total crypto market cap currently at $2.3 trillion. Chart: TradingView

Tether’s Role In Law Enforcement Cooperation

The freeze adds another example of how stablecoin issuers can act on legal requests that target specific wallet addresses.

Reports note Turkish investigators also sought seizure orders for bank accounts and property connected to the alleged network.

While blockchain records are public, linking addresses to people still depends on data, subpoenas, and cooperation between exchanges and issuers. In this case, that cooperation halted transfers of the flagged tokens before they could move further.

Minting When Markets Fall

At the same time, market watchers logged a separate development: Tether minted an additional $1 billion USDT as Bitcoin plunged.

Reports show this mint came while Bitcoin dropped by double digits over a short period and amid more than $2 billion in liquidations across crypto markets.

The newly created USDT appeared mostly on networks like Tron, where a large portion of USDT circulates, and it boosted overall stablecoin liquidity during the selloff.

Traders and desks often use freshly issued stablecoins to cover shorts, rebalance positions, or to provide exchange liquidity — and that helps explain why issuers sometimes increase supply in volatile stretches.

Trading And Enforcement, Side By Side

These two events together capture a tension in crypto: stablecoins can provide fast liquidity, but they can also be the subject of legal controls when authorities suspect misuse.

Reports note that while mints do not guarantee a market rebound, they make dollars available in crypto form, and that can change short-term flows. At the same time, freezes show that issuers can be pulled into cross-border probes and asset recovery efforts.

What Comes Next

Observers are watching whether the extra USDT supply will steer traders back into Bitcoin or remain parked on exchanges as dry powder.

Meanwhile, the Turkish action raises fresh questions about how regulators, issuers, and analytics firms will coordinate to trace and immobilize suspect funds moving across networks.

The balance between providing market liquidity and meeting legal obligations is getting tested in real time.

Featured image from Unsplash, chart from TradingView

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Strategy, BitMine, Coinbase Shares Chart Major Rebound as Bitcoin Stabilizes

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In brief

  • Strategy stock rose 18% to $126.59 despite being 9.5% underwater on its 713,502 BTC treasury.
  • BitMine shares jumped 13.9% to $19.83, with plans to earn $1M daily from staking 4.28M ETH.
  • Coinbase gained 9.9% to $160.60 as volatility drives higher trading volumes and transaction revenue.

Bitcoin juggernaut Strategy, Ethereum giant BitMine Immersion Technologies, and crypto exchange Coinbase all looked much more verdant Friday as the price of BTC stabilized after dropping 14% on Thursday.

Strategy, which trades on the Nasdaq under the MSTR ticker, had gained 22% since the opening bell and was recently changing hands for $131. The company holds 713,502 BTC in its treasury, which was acquired for an average price of $76,047. But after BTC took a plunge yesterday, the Virginia software company is now underwater on its BTC stash.

Bitcoin was recently trading for $69,500 after stabilizing since yesterday’s dive. It has gained nearly 6% in the past day, but is still 16% lower than it was this time last week, according to crypto price aggregator CoinGecko. The price of Bitcoin fell as low as $60,225 on Thursday, CoinGecko data shows.

MSTR reported a $12.4 billion Q4 loss during its earnings call late Thursday afternoon. “Strategy has built a digital fortress anchored by 713,502 Bitcoin, and our shift to digital credit, which aligns with our indefinite Bitcoin horizon,” Strategy co-founder and Executive Chairman Michael Saylor said in a statement to shareholders.

But at least two analysts have tempered their optimism for the firm. Canacord Genuity analyst Joseph Vafi cut his price forecast for MSTR by 60%, from $474 to $185; BTIG analyst Andrew Harte made a similar price forecast cut, from $630 to $250. Both analysts maintained their buy ratings, though, saying that there’s still significant upside for investors.

Meanwhile, Tom Lee’s BitMine—the only Ethereum treasury to have added more ETH to its coffers in January—has seen its share price jump 15% to about $20 since the New York open. The company commands a treasury of 4,285,125 ETH that’s worth about $8.7 billion at current prices. At the time of writing, BMNR was sitting on a $7.5 billion unrealized loss.

But Ethreum treasuries work a little differently than their Bitcoin counterparts. BMNR has staked $6.7 billion worth of its ETH. Lee said last week that when the company has fully staked its ETH through MAVAN and its staking partners, it will be earning more than $1 million per day in rewards via the Ethereum network.

Coinbase has also staged a comeback, seeing its price rise 10% to $161 at the time of writing.

Coinbase, which trades under the COIN ticker on the Nasdaq, tends to stabilize quickly during turbulent markets. That’s because volatility that leads to high trading volumes bolsters the bottom line for Coinbase, Chief Financial Officer Alesia Haas said previously.

“The increase in volatility had a meaningful impact on our transaction revenue,” she said in February 2024, right after spot Bitcoin ETFs were approved for trading in the U.S. “We saw strong growth and reengagement from both simple and advanced traders. Notable average trading volumes materially increased among our advanced traders.”

Other major crypto stocks surging Friday include Bitcoin miners MARA Holdings and CleanSpark, both up more than 19% to recent prices of $8.06 and $9.87 respectively, with miners Terawulf and Riot Platforms up nearly as much on the day. And institutional crypto firm Galaxy Digital is up more than 17% on the day to a price of nearly $20 after seeing its shares dive earlier this week following an earnings loss.

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Rebuilding Global Payments with Stablecoins | Circle & USDC with Nikhil Chandhok

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Stablecoins have quietly become the most successful use case in crypto.

Axiology Secures €5 Million Seed Funding to Accelerate the Modernisation of Europe’s Capital Markets

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Uniting Europe’s capital markets by consolidating issuance, custody, trading, and settlement of securities into a regulated system built on DLT.

Capital markets infrastructure provider Axiology has secured €5 million in seed funding to introduce new tokenised securities capabilities under the EU DLT Pilot Regime. The new capital enables Axiology to expand its already operational system, bringing the full lifecycle of digital fixed-income instruments into one regulated environment and execute its go-to-market strategy. 

The funding round, led by Exponential Science, e2vc and Coinvest Capital, was joined by new investors TIBAS Ventures and Plug and Play. The seed round is also supported by the previous round investors like BSV Ventures, NGL Ventures and others. To date, Axiology has raised €7 million. 

Axiology is on a mission to unite Europe’s fragmented capital markets. Its exclusive Distributed Ledger Technology Trading and Settlement System (DLT TSS) licence gives the company a rare opportunity to do so. Only a handful of entities in Europe hold this most extensive licence under the DLT Pilot Regime. It allows Axiology to consolidate issuance, custody, trading and settlement within a single regulated system, simplifying processes and driving costs down for participants of this infrastructure. 

“Europe’s Savings and Investment Union won’t be built by policy alone – it needs new market infrastructure,” says Marius Jurgilas, Founder and CEO of Axiology. “The Market Integration Package and the DLT Pilot Regime finally give us the legal space to do that. Our system is already live, and this funding allows us to scale a unified, regulated platform for European capital markets.”

“Europe’s capital markets are undergoing a structural shift as issuers, infrastructures and regulators look for more efficient ways to manage the lifecycle of securities,” says Jochen Metzger, Board member of Axiology and retired Bundesbank Senior Official. “Axiology is one of the few platforms able to operate each stage within a single regulated system, which is indispensable for addressing market fragmentation across Europe. This investment signals strong confidence in our ability to deliver the infrastructure that modern markets require.” 

Accessibility is vital: European retail investors can buy an ETF with a single euro yet still cannot easily access government bonds, which remain some of the safest instruments in the world. From a technological standpoint these instruments can be issued and transacted in smaller, retail-friendly denominations. However, broad access has been limited by market infrastructure rather than capability. Axiology’s system is designed to close this gap by providing the regulated infrastructure needed to make digital bonds available to a wider public. 

“Axiology is tackling one of the biggest challenges in finance today: fragmentation and limited access to core financial instruments. By rebuilding capital markets infrastructure on compliant distributed ledger systems, they are making markets faster, cheaper and more inclusive. This is exactly the type of transformative technology Exponential Science exists to support,” says Dr. Paolo Tasca, Founder, Exponential Science

Axiology is working with the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Lithuania on a digital-native version of the country’s Government Defence Bonds. These bonds are currently distributed through local financial institutions, limiting access. Issuing them digitally through Axiology’s TSS would make them available across the entire European Economic Area, widening participation for investors including the Lithuanian diaspora and supporting a broader funding base for national defence. 

Axiology started its operations in September 2025. Since then, the company has introduced three services to the market: a securities depository, shareholder registry management and a Multilateral Trading Facility (MTF). 

The securities depository services are already used by crowdfunding platforms. Axiology’s infrastructure enables these platforms to structure debt instruments as bonds and distributethem to their investors, allowing partners to offer a broader range of asset classes and support portfolio diversification. 

The shareholder registry management service is currently live across Lithuania, with more than €21 million in shares already recorded. The company plans to expand this service to additional markets abroad. 

The latest addition to Axiology’s infrastructure is its Multilateral Trading Facility (MTF). Brokers already connected to the platform ensure market activity from the first day of operation. Leveraging Axiology’s rare licence, the MTF is integrated into the company’s unified trading and settlement infrastructure, allowing clients to access depository, trading and settlement services within a single system. 

“We’re excited to support Axiology alongside our co-leads in this next phase of growth. The team has built a strong platform with clear international ambition, and we look forward to working together to scale further in the region and beyond,” comments Kaan Eren, Partner at e2vc. 

Built for institutional clients, Axiology’s system operates on a private, permissioned network that provides regulatory compliance, transaction finality and tamper-evident auditability. The company leverages DLT and utilises European stablecoins licensed for atomic settlement, enabling near-instant execution compared with traditional T+2 cycles. 

“We are delighted to continue backing Axiology, this time alongside new international investors, as the founders work to build safe, efficient, and affordable access to Europe’s capital markets. Axiology’s vision is fully aligned with our mission to nurture a more inclusive financing ecosystem and to close key market gaps for both companies and investors,” noted Viktorija Trimbel, CEO & Managing Director of Coinvest Capital. 

The newly secured capital will accelerate Axiology’s expansion, deepen institutional partnerships, support geographical expansion and interoperability efforts. The company is preparing to participate in wholesale CBDC initiatives such as the ECB’s Appia and Pontes projects and plans to connect with TARGET2 to further streamline settlement flows.

Why machine-to-machine payments are the new electricity for the digital age

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We are moving toward an economic system in which software and devices transact with one another without human involvement.

Instead of simply executing transactions, machines will be able to make decisions, coordinate with each other and purchase whatever they need in real time. Sensors and satellites will sell data streams by the second. Factories will price power purchases in real-time based on supply and demand. Supply chains could even become completely autonomous — reordering materials, booking transport, paying customs fees and rerouting shipments without any human involvement.

But such an economy cannot be built on large infrequent payments. It needs to run on billions of tiny, continuous transactions, executed autonomously at machine speed. Just as electricity pricing enabled mass production, micro-transactions and machine-to-machine (M2M) payments will make full automation economically viable.

And if continuous M2M payments are the new electricity, then blockchains — the rails upon which these microtransactions will occur — must be seen as the new power grid. They’re a critical piece of infrastructure that unlocks new business models, new technologies and ultimately, this new machine economy.

How will these innovations develop? The electrical revolution has plenty of lessons to teach.

A new revolution

Before electrification, power was local, manual, inconsistent and expensive. Factories relied on steam engines or water wheels, which constrained where production could happen and how it could scale. Power was something you built into each operation.

Electricity changed that. Once power became standardized and always available, it stopped being a feature and became the substrate of modern industry.

Payments today still resemble the pre-electric era of power. They are episodic, usually processed in batches, and heavily mediated by humans and institutions. Even digital payments involve discrete events such as invoices, settlements, reconciliations or billing cycles.

But M2M payments (autonomous financial transactions between connected devices), when combined with micro-transactions (worth a few cents), turn value exchange into something ambient and infrastructure-like. Instead of stopping to pay, machines can simply operate continuously, exchanging value as they consume resources or provide services.

Tech leaders have discussed microtransactions since the early days of the Internet, but it was impossible to realize that vision with the current banking system. Now, blockchain technology enables sending value across the world instantly and at almost no cost. The crypto sector’s infrastructure is fundamental for the birth of continuous M2M payments.

And just as electricity enabled the creation of computers and the Internet, M2M payments and micro-transactions will allow a completely new economy to flourish.

How electricity changed the world

The continuous power provided by electricity enabled automation. Mass production did not happen because factories hired more workers, but because machines could run constantly and relatively independently.

Today’s machines are technically autonomous but economically constrained. An AI agent can make decisions, route traffic, or optimize logistics, but it cannot pay for compute on the fly. Economic friction forces human intervention in systems that are otherwise independent. But M2M payments, combined with micro-transactions, will provide continuous economic power in the same way electricity provides continuous mechanical power.

Also, electricity unlocked industries that simply could not exist before it. M2M payments will have the same property, providing economic infrastructure for industries that cannot function without fine-grained, real-time payments.

What does that look like? We could have autonomous supply chains, in which machines coordinate purchases and logistics continuously. Or we could see the emergence of AI services with pricing models that reflect milliseconds of inference time. Global data markets could depend on pay-per-byte access. Infrastructure itself — from roads to charging stations — could continuously and automatically price access.

It’s worth noting that shifting to usage-based pricing also transformed electricity’s business models. Paying per kilowatt-hour allowed firms to scale without renegotiating contracts or investing in fixed capacity. You paid for what you used when you used it. M2M payments will provide the same flexibility to 21st-century businesses.

Lessons from the electrical revolution

At the beginning of electrification, the focus was mostly on developing generators. However, that wasn’t the most important technological innovation. What mattered was transmission. Only once electricity could be delivered everywhere, cheaply and predictably, did it reshape industry and society.

The same lesson applies to M2M payments. The blockchain rails on which the payments will occur matter way more than the specific M2M payment application (like Coinbase’s x402 protocol) being used. The priority should therefore be to build the best blockchains possible — chains with near-zero fees, very low latency, and predictable performance. In other words, M2M payments hit the same frictions as ordinary stablecoin payments: they need the underlying infrastructure to be tip-top if they want to function properly.

Moreover, the blockchains used for machine payments need to be perceived as neutral infrastructure. They must be interoperable across vendors, jurisdictions and machines. After all, machines cannot negotiate bespoke payment systems any more than appliances can negotiate voltage standards. That means decentralization may play an important role in the growth of the machine economy. In that case, public blockchains could have the advantage over private alternatives.

If M2M payment rails achieve this neutrality, they become the coordination layer of autonomous systems, just as electricity is the coordination layer of physical power. At that point, innovation can safely shift to building entirely new machine-driven industries.

The machine economy will arrive when machines gain the ability to transact continuously, autonomously, and invisibly thanks to the power of blockchain. M2M payments are not just a feature of that future. They are its electricity.

Coinbase’s Crypto-Backed Loans Notch Record Liquidations Amid Bitcoin, Ethereum Plunge

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In brief

  • Thousands of Coinbase users lost money this week as crypto-backed loans soured.
  • The exchange’s users have faced $170 million in liquidations over the past week.
  • The losses represent the most in the product’s one-year history.

Coinbase customers are experiencing pain in new ways as Bitcoin and Ethereum tumble, with losses piling up for thousands of users through the exchange’s crypto-backed lending product.

Over the past week, Coinbase users have lost $170 million worth of collateral through liquidations on DeFi platform Morpho, according to a Dune dashboard. As Bitcoin and Ethereum notched double-digit declines, some 2,000 users lost $90.7 million on Thursday alone.

When Coinbase began providing access to Bitcoin-backed loans last year, the company positioned the product as a way for people to grow their wealth. It later expanded to Ethereum-backed loans, while raising loan limits to $5 million per customer.

As Bitcoin and Ethereum have respectively dropped 17% and 26% over the past week, an increasing number of users’ loans have reached the point where they are considered unhealthy, allowing third-parties to repay them—and scoop up the collateral at a discounted rate.

As users’ loans have approached the point of liquidation, some have added more collateral or paid down debts in the form of Circle’s USDC stablecoin. Over the past week, around 3,300 users have sat idle as their Bitcoin and Ethereum was whisked away for good.

The losses may be a small sum amid the broader crypto crash, but the dynamic shows how Coinbase’s efforts to fold DeFi into its business can directly impact users as the company pursues its ambitions of becoming an “everything exchange.” 

Since its debut last January, the product has originated $1.8 billion in loans.

If users’ collateral were to fall another 50% in value, Coinbase users could lose $600 million, but a Coinbase spokesperson told Decrypt that the exchange notifies users frequently when their loans are at risk of liquidation, “up to every 30 minutes.”

Compared to traditional loans, the spokesperson described crypto-backed loans as faster, cheaper, and more efficient. They noted that crypto-backed loans can also offer better rates.

As a risk management tool, all loans on Morpho are over-collateralized by default. At the same time, the exchange’s app “enforces an additional buffer when users take out a loan to reduce liquidation risk,” while notifying them of that potential outcome, the spokesperson said.

The exchange is exploring additional ways for users to protect their loans, they added, acknowledging that crypto-backed loans come with their own set of risks that users should understand.

The spokesperson said that Coinbase doesn’t earn any fees from users’ liquidations. But the company still makes money on the product as a technology provider by receiving a cut of performance fees that are earned by risk managers.

Coinbase once offered Bitcoin-backed loans in a centralized manner, but it stopped issuing them in May 2023 amid an uptick in regulatory scrutiny toward the industry. Through its new product, people don’t need to provide personal information before lending to Americans.

In October, when Bitcoin traded near an all-time high above $126,000, Max Branzburg, head of consumer products at Coinbase, told Decrypt that the exchange was “empowering people to help grow their wealth in ways that they couldn’t otherwise.”

He said he had observed people tapping Coinbase’s product to make important moves without needing to sell their Bitcoin, like purchasing a car or renovating a home.

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RNBW Tanks 65% Below ICO Price on First Day of Trading

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The launch was plagued by reports of delayed token distribution to early investors and technical issues.

Self-custodial Ethereum wallet Rainbow debuted its native token RNBW yesterday, Feb. 5. But the project’s token generation event (TGE) on Base, and the token’s debut for trading across exchanges, were met with reports of delayed distribution to ICO participants, which contributed to the token’s poor day-one performance.

RNBW/USD 15-minute chart, Feb. 5-6. Source: Coinbase

According to Coinbase data, RNBW hit a high of $0.05 on its first day of trading, but fell quickly and closed the daily session around $0.034, down more than 30%, putting its fully diluted valuation around $34 million.

That left most bettors on Polymarket scrambling, having expected the FDV to hit roughly $100 million just a day after the TGE.

Today, RNBW fell further, trading around $0.032 by press time, making its FDV around $32.17 million.

ICO Investors in the Red

The price is far below what early buyers paid. Rainbow conducted its initial coin offering (ICO) in mid-December 2025 via CoinList, where investors were offered RNBW at $0.1 per token. The sale saw 30 million RNBW tokens, or 3% of total supply, sold at an FDV of $100 million, meaning participants in that sale are now down more than 65% on their investments.

For U.S. investors, the situation could be even worse as their full token unlock won’t happen until December of this year, according to CoinList’s terms and conditions.

Back in 2022, Rainbow raised $18 million in a Series A funding round led by Seven Seven Six, the VC firm from Reddit co-founder Alexis Ohanian, bringing total funding to $21 million. The multi-chain wallet is known for its rewards program and gamification, where users can earn points for their on-chain activity.

The firm explicitly connected RNBW with its points system when it first announced the token in September, and later specified that users who earned points in the wallet were eligible for a token airdrop.

‘No Better Day for TGE’

The token’s drop came amid a broader market bloodbath that wiped out $2.6 billion in liquidations in a single day. Total crypto market capitalization fell to $2.3 trillion as Bitcoin slid toward $60,000, reaching roughly 50% below its all-time high of $126,080, set in October.

Soon after its TGE, Rainbow’s cofounder Mike Demarais indicated in an X post that some users had not received their claimed tokens, explaining “it’s because our backend token indexer has been getting slammed.”

As frustration over the messy launch mounted, Rainbow CEO Alex LaPrade took to X on Thursday evening eastern time to say he still believes “there was no better day for TGE than today,” noting that the project had planned to launch its token on Feb. 5 back in December. LaPrade added:

“TGE isn’t the finish line. Having a token live in market brings more scrutiny — both positive and negative.”

But the CEO’s public statement didn’t succeed in calming all investors. Some quickly fired back at the CEO, accusing the project of late token distribution to CoinList pre-sale participants, as well as to points earners, calling it a scam and demanding refunds.

Last year, MetaMask confirmed that it has plans to launch its own token, after years of hinting and speculation.