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Bitcoin (BTC) hashrate falls as miners shift capital to AI infrastructure

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For the first time in six years, the bitcoin hashrate, the total computational power securing the network, fell during the first quarter. It is currently down around 4% year to date, hovering around 1 zettahash per second (ZH/s).

Over the past five years, the rate has surged from roughly 100 exahashes per second (EH/s), a 10-fold increase, according to Glassnode data. Each year, the metric rose during the first quarter and ended with strong full-year growth in excess of 10%. In 2022, the figure almost doubled.

BTC Hashrate YoY (Glassnode)

The AI Pivot

The shift in 2026 reflects changing economics across the bitcoin mining sector. With production costs near $90,000 per bitcoin and the spot price closer to $67,000, margins are negative. In response, many publicly listed miners are switching to artificial intelligence and high-performance computing infrastructure, where returns are higher and more predictable.

This transition is being funded through debt issuance and bitcoin sales, reducing reinvestment into bitcoin mining. As a result, hashrate growth is becoming more sensitive to the cryptocurrency’s price, with weaker prices likely to trigger further declines as smaller operators exit.

While a falling hashrate may raise concerns about network security, decentralization may matter more than absolute size. Publicly listed U.S. miners have accounted for over 40% of the global hash rate, and a reduction in their influence could lead to a more geographically distributed network. In that sense, the current shift may ultimately support decentralization.

Despite the slowdown, CoinShares still forecasts hashrate growth to around 1.8 ZH/s by the end of 2026, conditional on bitcoin recovering toward $100,000.

Read More: End of bitcoin ‘HODL’: public miners going all-in on AI, signaling more BTC selling

Only 49% of Crypto Users Understand when Taxes Apply, Survey Finds

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A majority of crypto users remain unclear on basic tax rules, with fewer than half correctly identifying when transactions become taxable, a new survey found.

Only 49% of respondents correctly understand that crypto becomes taxable when it is sold, while nearly a quarter believe simple transfers can trigger tax events, according to a 2026 Crypto Tax Readiness Report published by Coinbase and CoinTracker.

The findings come from a survey of 3,000 US crypto users conducted between Sept. 9 and Oct. 3, ahead of the 2025 tax reporting season.

When is crypto taxable. Source: Coinbase

The survey noted that crypto investors show a clear willingness to comply with tax rules, with 74% saying they are aware that crypto is taxable, while 65% said they have already reported activity in the past. “This refutes the misconception of widespread crypto tax avoidance,” the survey states.

Related: Brazil’s finance minister shelves crypto tax policy due to election: Report

New IRS rules complicate tax reporting

The survey also pointed to some key challenges complicating crypto tax reporting. For one, crypto investors often hold assets across multiple platforms, with an average of 2.5 wallets or exchanges and 83% using self-custody. This fragmentation makes it harder to track cost basis, which is needed to calculate gains and losses.

New reporting rules add to the challenge. From the 2025 tax year, brokers will issue Form 1099-DA but won’t include cost basis, leaving users to reconcile transactions themselves across platforms that don’t share data.

56% of crypto users say their knowledge of crypto tax reporting is good. Source: Coinbase

Despite these challenges, most users rely on traditional tools. Around 78% use general tax software and 52% turn to accountants, while only 8% use crypto-specific tax services. At the same time, interest in AI is growing, with nearly half of respondents saying they would use it to calculate taxes and 30% open to relying on it for the entire process.

Related: US lawmakers publish crypto tax proposal without Bitcoin tax exemption

IRS moves to mandate digital crypto tax forms

Earlier this month, the IRS proposed new rules that would require crypto exchanges to deliver tax forms electronically, removing the option for paper copies. Under the proposal, brokers could end relationships with users who refuse digital delivery, and users would no longer be able to withdraw consent once given.

Exchanges must continue issuing Form 1099-DA to report transaction proceeds, though cost basis tracking will remain the responsibility of investors.

Magazine: Clarity Act risks repeat of Europe’s mistakes, crypto lawyer warns