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80% of college seniors say AI is cutting entry-level jobs

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11x survey shows Class of 2026 entering the workforce expect fewer entry-level roles, higher salaries, and stronger AI skills than their managers

A new survey from 11xreveals a clear paradox shaping the Class of 2026: graduating seniors believe artificial intelligence (AI) will increase their earning potential, even as they believe it reduces access to entry-level roles.

The survey of 1,000 U.S.-based business majors finds that 80% believe AI is reducing entry-level opportunities, while 67% expect AI skills to increase their salaries, with 23% anticipating a significant boost. Yet, beneath the anxiety, 47% already believe AI is automating grunt work rather than eliminating roles — and 73% are using AI tools weekly to position themselves for the jobs being created, not the ones disappearing.

The top shifts shaping the Class of 2026:

A Learning Curve Reversal

For the first time, new graduates expect to arrive with more relevant technical capability than their managers. More than 60% of respondents expect AI competency from their managers or believe they will surpass them, including 23.7% who say they expect to be more AI-skilled than their boss. This not onlyreflects a shift in expectations for entry-level roles, which are increasingly seen as positions where new hires are expected to contribute immediately using AI. It also marks a reversal of the traditional learning model, where early-career employees historically developed skills gradually under more experienced leaders.

The Entry-Level Sales Job They Were Warned About No Longer Exists

The survey suggests that AI is reshaping expectations for early-career roles, particularly in sales – one of the most commonly pursued paths among respondents. About half (49.5%) say they are interested in sales careers, even as many of the tasks traditionally associated with these roles are increasingly automated. The cold outreach, list building, and prospecting that defined entry-level sales for decades is now largely automated – handled by AI agents like 11x’s Alice that take on the high-volume execution work that once filled an SDR’s day. Students see the entry-level grind as dead and are trying to skip it entirely.

“AI didn’t take their job. It took the worst parts of it,” said Prabhav Jain, CEO of 11x. “What’s left is the work that actually builds a career — time with customers, building relationships, driving real outcomes. Ironically, this is the best time in history to start a sales career. Those who get that will have higher leverage, earn more, and advance faster than any class before them.”

AI is Already Embedded in How Students Work and Apply for Jobs

Adoption of AI tools among the Class of 2026 is widespread. Nearly three-quarters (73.2%) report regular use of generative AI tools. More than half of respondents (56.7%) say AI has changed how they apply for jobs, actively incorporating AI into their schoolwork, internships, and overall career preparation. And 37% say that AI has actually shifted their career focus or role preference.

The Emerging Disconnect Between Talent and Opportunity

Taken together, the findings point to a growing disconnect: graduates are more AI-capable than ever and companies are automating traditional entry-level work, but hiring models have not fully adapted. This creates a narrower, more competitive entry point into the workforce, with higher expectations placed on fewer roles.

A powerful crypto indicator just flipped green as bitcoin tests $82,000

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Cryptoquant’s bitcoin bull-bear cycle indicator turned green for the first time since 2023, which could signal that “the market structure is beginning to recover,” said the firm’s onchain market analyst Julio Moreno on Wednesday.

“Historically, this has been an important regime-change signal,” Moreno wrote. “When the indicator moves out of bear territory and enters the early bull zone, it often suggests that the worst phase of the correction has already passed and that market structure is beginning to recover.”

For Mati Greenspan, a former eToro senior market analyst and founder at Quantum Economics, the CryptoQuant Bull-Bear Market Cycle Indicator is a regime-shift indicator, not a crystal ball. He said that, “historically, it has been most useful for identifying when bitcoin stops behaving like a bear-market asset.”

Greenspan said that the real confirmation comes afterward, with sustained demand, liquidity, and price acceptance at higher levels. “So now all eyes are on price action to confirm validation,” he added.

He recalled that when this indicator turned green in 2019 and again in early 2023 following intense bearish phases, the market transitioned into “stronger bullish trends.” Moreno, however, acknowledged that March 2022 remains a critical exception. Back then, the indicator turned bullish but delivered a false positive, preceding a move into a deeper downtrend.

The analyst also stressed why the current May 2026 is so pivotal. “On one hand, the indicator is showing the first constructive regime shift in years,” he said. “Bitcoin is no longer behaving like a deep bear-market asset, and the recovery in the 30-day moving average suggests improving momentum beneath the surface.”

Currently, Bitcoin finds itself in a tug of war similar to 2022. While the onchain metrics are healing, the asset is struggling to decisively flip the $82,000 resistance level, a ceiling that has held firm despite multiple breakthrough attempts this month following a 35% rebound from February’s $60,000 lows.

To confirm this bullish signal, bitcoin must overcome the “exhaustion” presently visible in secondary metrics, Moreno suggested. Unlike the clean early-cycle entries of the past this move is clashing with a neutral Fear & Greed index and a complex macroeconomic backdrop.

While Arthur Hayes, chief investment officer of Maelstrom, did not mention CryptoQuant’s indicator, he echoed the sentiment that the cycle has shifted, stating he believes Bitcoin already found its bottom at $60,000 earlier this year. Hayes, who also co-founded the BitMEX exchange, pointed to $90,000 as the level at which the rally would turn explosive and head toward its previous high of $126,000.

Jason Fernandes, co-founder at AdLunam, concluded that while these indicators are useful, they are often misunderstood. “Metrics like MVRV (Market cap versus realized cap) or NUPL (net unrealized profit and loss) were never designed to be precise trading signals,” he said. “They are better viewed as behavioral frameworks for understanding where Bitcoin sits within a broader liquidity cycle.”

Senate Confirms Kevin Warsh as Fed Governor, with Chair Vote Expected

The US Senate has approved Kevin Warsh as the newest governor of the Federal Reserve, with a vote on his confirmation as chair of the central bank expected this week.

In a 51 to 45 vote in the US Senate on Tuesday, lawmakers sided on party lines, with the exception of Democratic Senator John Fetterman, to approve President Donald Trump’s nominee. The chamber immediately followed by approving a motion to invoke cloture on a vote for Warsh as the next Fed chair, setting up a potential vote soon.

Source: US Senate

The vote confirmed Warsh as a Fed governor for 14 years, and is expected to lead to lawmakers voting on his nomination for a four-year term as Fed chair. He previously served as a Fed governor under former US Presidents George W. Bush and Barack Obama from 2006 to 2011.

Jerome Powell, whose term as Fed chair ends on Friday, has faced Trump’s repeated threats to fire him. His term as a Fed governor will continue until 2028, but the shakeup in the leadership of the US central bank has the potential to move markets amid concerns over changing interest rates and the Fed’s independence from the White House’s policies. 

Related: Federal Reserve chair nominee’s disclosure includes crypto and AI holdings

Warsh said in a 2025 interview that Bitcoin (BTC) was a “transformative” technology and “an important asset that can help inform policymakers.” During his confirmation hearing in the Senate Banking Committee, however, many Democrats questioned whether as Fed chair he could remain independent from the president’s policy agenda.

Crypto market structure bill markup scheduled for Thursday

The vote on the nomination came the same week that US lawmakers on the Senate Banking Committee will choose whether to advance a digital asset market structure bill expected to change oversight and regulation of cryptocurrencies. On Monday, the panel’s leadership released the text of its version of the Digital Asset Market Clarity Act (CLARITY), that included a compromise provision on stablecoin yield that had long been a sticking point for many in the crypto and banking industries.

On Thursday, the banking committee will hold a markup on CLARITY, potentially setting the bill up for a vote in the full Senate.

Magazine: XRP ‘probably going to $12,’ Bitcoin ETFs add $1B: Market Moves

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JPMorgan (JPM) to launch new tokenized fund as Wall Street tokenization race heats up

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JPMorgan (JPM) is preparing to launch a tokenized money market fund, the latest sign that major financial institutions and Wall Street asset managers are speeding up efforts to move traditional assets onto blockchain rails.

A Tuesday filing with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission SEC) outlined plans for a blockchain-based money-market fund investing exclusively in short-term U.S. Treasuries, cash and overnight repo agreements backed by government securities.

The fund, dubbed JPMorgan OnChain Liquidity-Token Money Market Fund (JLTXX), will maintain blockchain-based token balances tied to investors’ ownership records, allowing approved users to submit purchase, redemption and transfer requests through Ethereum, the filing said. The underlying blockchain infrastructure will be operated by Kinexys Digital Assets, JPMorgan’s blockchain unit formerly known as Onyx.

The fund is structured to satisfy reserve asset requirements under the GENIUS Act, legislation aimed at regulating stablecoin issuers in the U.S. That could position the product as a yield-bearing reserve vehicle for stablecoin firms seeking compliant Treasury exposure.

The move comes only days after BlackRock (BLK), the world’s largest asset manager, filed paperwork for a new tokenized Treasury reserve vehicle and blockchain-based shares of an existing $7 billion money-market fund.

Tokenization — the process of creating blockchain-based representations of traditional financial assets — has become one of the hottest trends across finance and crypto markets. Supporters argue the technology can reduce settlement times, improve transparency and enable around-the-clock trading and collateral use.

The tokenized real-world asset market has grown more than 200% over the past year and now exceeds $32 billion, according to rwa.xyz data. Treasury products have emerged as one of the fastest-growing segments as institutions seek ways to earn yield on onchain cash.

JPMorgan has been among the most active traditional banks embedding blockchain infrastructure in traditional finances. In December, the bank launched a tokenized money-market fund called MONY on Ethereum, giving institutional investors blockchain-based access to short-term cash products. Through Kinexys, the bank has also processed tokenized collateral and settlement transactions for institutional clients.

OpenAI Launches Daybreak, a New Initiative to Challenge Glasswing

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As more AI vendors seek to control how their technology affects cybersecurity, OpenAI on Tuesday introduced a program to help organizations identify, patch and validate software vulnerabilities in their code.

OpenAI Daybreak combines the intelligence of OpenAI’s GPT-5.5 models with Codex security to automate workflows such as threat modeling and remediation.

The initiative comes as both OpenAI and rival Anthropic compete on an almost monthly basis, targeting the cybersecurity market with new large language models (LLMs) such as Mythos from Anthropic and GPT-5.5-Cyber from OpenAI. Daybreak appears to be OpenAI’s answer to Anthropic’s much-publicized security-focused Project Glasswing. 

Daybreak also addresses a concern in the enterprise: many organizations fear that AI models will uncover vulnerabilities they cannot fix. That worry has multiplied following recent news that a threat actor used AI to develop a zero-day vulnerability, a type of threat that leaves cyber experts with no time to fix it.

“Security is under the spotlight,” said Gal Malachi, co-founder and CTO of Terra Security.

Projects such as Daybreak are important and beneficial to the cybersecurity community, he said.

“What OpenAI did is a good step forward because they’re not just giving you a bigger brain, they also give you a harness around that that allows you actually to have an orchestration around and handle vulnerabilities,” he added.

A Lot More Needed

However, OpenAI’s initiative does not fully address the current threats and vulnerabilities facing cybersecurity professionals, Malachi said.

“It will help with something that LLMs are familiar with,” he said. He added that the focus of both Daybreak and Mythos is on code because code is currently the most common application for generative AI.

However, “a lot of things happen until code reaches production,” Malachi continued, referring to the point in the development stage where the technology is being used and not necessarily the building phase. Preproduction is the phase in which developers build and write code for the application and software.

“Preproduction is one thing, and yes, you can see some vulnerabilities or potential vulnerabilities in the code, but still, good LLMs produce a lot of false positives,” he said. “We also need to understand how systems run in production; perhaps there are a lot of things that you don’t see from the code.”

Given the significant risks in production, it’s hard to tell exactly where the threat lies if an LLM is used, since generation happens in real time. Therefore, the demand for a possible answer to this problem that is more than a code-based tool is growing in the cybersecurity community.

“The industry is still learning and trying to understand how to code with it,” Malachi said. He said that enterprises should approach initiatives like Daybreak and models from AI labs such as Anthropic and OpenAI with caution and ensure they have the right tools and guardrails in place.

 

Can XRP Catch Up To SWIFT? This Latest ISO Is Changing The Game

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A crypto analyst has said that the global banking system is about to be forcibly changed, as a new SWIFT mandate sets a critical deadline that could change XRP and Ripple forever. ISO 20022 is SWIFT’s new global messaging standard for cross-border payments, and the change is set to take full effect in November 2026. The analyst said that SWIFT will shut down the older unstructured messaging, forcing every major bank onto a new system. He also suggests this could have major implications for XRP, as it aims to serve as a global bridge asset for cross-border transfers.

SWIFT’s ISO 20022 To Overhaul Unstructured Messaging

In a YouTube video released on May 10, a market analyst known as Cheeky Crypto said that SWIFT is about to bring “the death of legacy banking data.” He noted that the new ISO 20022 mandate will remove unstructured addresses within the SWIFT network by November 2026. According to him, if banks fail to comply with these new standards, their transactions will not be cleared or processed.

Cheeky Crypto explained that over the past few decades, traditional banks have consistently relied on messy manual data-entry systems, which often lead to failed or delayed transactions. However, SWIFT is ending this era and introducing new solutions backed by structured data that run on blockchain technology.

Notably, Cheeky Crypto said he spent the last few days researching XRP’s role within this upcoming global money shift. He noted that as legacy systems prepare for a major change, institutions are being backed into a corner because they do not have the time or money to build compliant systems of their own. Because of this, he said banks are now looking for existing bridges like XRP that are already cleared by regulators. He noted that trillions of dollars from these institutions are set to move into blockchain-ready solutions like XRP, to ensure global liquidity continues to flow effectively.

According to the analyst, institutional inflows into XRP-based products are already rising significantly ahead of the November deadline. He said the move is primarily driven by corporate entities desperate to remain operational before SWIFT shuts the door on its old unstructured messaging standards.

He also cited a statement by Ripple’s Executive Chairman, Chris Larsen, who said that legacy banking systems are built on weak foundations. Larsen noted that the upcoming “2026 mandate is the tide coming to wash away anything that isn’t structured, verified, and compliant.” 

XRP Ledger Presented As Better Alternative For Banks

In his video, Cheeky Crypto also stated that banks are now showing strong interest in the XRP Ledger as legacy systems break down and they build stronger ones. The analyst noted that XRP is built to handle the exact type of structured data SWIFT is trying to build instantly. 

To back this up, Cheeky Crypto has compared the average transaction time and cost of legacy cross-border transfers with those of the XRP Ledger settlement. He says that legacy systems tend to take 3-5 days and cost a fortune in hidden fees. Meanwhile, the Ledger settles a transaction in roughly 3-5 seconds for a fraction of a penny. 

MoonPay Acquires Dawn Labs, Launches AI Trading Agent Dawn CLI

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MoonPay, the leading global crypto payments network, announced the acquisition of Dawn Labs, an applied research lab focused on artificial intelligence and financial markets, and the launch of Dawn CLI, an AI-native technology tool for trading. The move reflects MoonPay’s broader push to build AI-native infrastructure for financial services.

Prediction markets are one of the fastest-growing categories, attracting a new generation of active traders across platforms like Polymarket and Kalshi. These traders use signals from social media, automated strategies and cross-platform positioning, but the infrastructure required for high performance remains fragmented, manual and technically demanding.

Building and deploying a trading strategy has traditionally required expertise across research, software development and portfolio management. Dawn CLI is designed to simplify that process. Users describe a strategy in plain English, and Dawn CLI converts it into executable code, conducts automated user research and simulation, and executes user-directed trades autonomously on supported trading venues.

Dawn Labs was founded in 2025 by Neeraj Prasad. He studied Computer Science and Engineering at MIT, where he conducted machine learning research in the university’s neuroscience labs. Before founding Dawn, Neeraj held engineering roles at Waymo, Microsoft, Citadel, and Reservoir Labs, spanning perception systems for autonomous vehicles, machine learning infrastructure, quantitative trading, and deep learning compilers. The acquisition brings Neeraj and the full Dawn team into MoonPay to advance its AI-native infrastructure strategy. Neeraj will serve as Chief Engineer of MoonPay Labs.

From Strategy to Execution

  • Dawn CLI manages the full trading lifecycle:
  • Natural language input: Users describe a strategy in plain English
  • Automated user research: The platform surfaces relevant data and market signals for the user to evaluate a strategy
  • Code generation and backtesting: Trading strategy code is generated and stress-tested automatically
  • Autonomous execution: Trades are executed continuously as directed by the user 

“The team at Dawn Labs have made the most complex parts of active trading accessible to anyone with an idea,” said Ivan Soto-Wright, CEO and Founder of MoonPay. “With Dawn, traders can direct AI agents to develop and execute sophisticated trading strategies autonomously.”

“We built Dawn to address the fragmentation traders face across research, strategy development and execution,” said Neeraj Prasad, Founder of Dawn Labs and Chief Engineer of MoonPay Labs. “Competing effectively has required expertise across multiple disciplines at once. Dawn brings those capabilities into a single autonomous system. Joining MoonPay allows us to scale that system to a broader audience.”

MoonPay’s Commitment to AI-Native Infrastructure

This acquisition is the latest step in MoonPay’s evolution toward AI-native infrastructure. Over the past year, the company has moved from on-ramp APIs to MoonPay CLI, MoonPay Agents with Ledger-secured hardware signing, and MoonAgents Card – a virtual Mastercard debit card that lets users and AI agents spend stablecoins directly from onchain balances anywhere Mastercard is accepted online. Each step has given AI agents more direct, programmable access to the financial layer. The launch of the Open Wallet Standard extended that infrastructure to every agent, every framework, and every chain. Dawn CLI represents the next step in that progression.

US Senate Banking Committee Releases Text for Crypto Market Structure Bill ahead of Markup

The recently released text of the Digital Asset Market Clarity Act (CLARITY) in the US Senate Banking Committee is raising some eyebrows among experts before a scheduled Thursday markup for provisions on housing and the lack of ethics language.

On Monday, three Republican lawmakers unveiled the text of the bill lawmakers will use to consider advancing crypto market structure legislation in the banking committee. It followed drafts released in July and September 2025, building upon discussions between crypto and banking industry representatives over stablecoin yield.

Text of CLARITY Act. Source: US Senate Banking Committee

However, the latest version includes provisions seemingly unrelated to crypto market structure. In the last pages of the legislation was a provision on housing called the Build Now Act, which, according to a section-by-section summary of the text, was aimed at creating “a pilot program to incentivize housing development of all kinds in certain Community Development Block Grant participating jurisdictions.”

According to Senators Tim Scott, Cynthia Lummis, and Thom Tillis, the bill reflected “continued negotiations with Democratic colleagues,” signaling bipartisan support in Thursday’s markup. However, some Senate Democrats, including Kirsten Gillibrand, said that they would not vote for market structure on the floor without clear provisions on ethics to address potential conflicts of interest.

“We have worked too hard on this bill to give up now,” Senator Angela Alsobrooks, who sits on the banking committee and announced the stablecoin yield compromise with Tillis, told Cointelegraph. “My hope is to get to a bipartisan markup on Thursday with a compromise on ethics.”

Related: Seven Democrats seen as ‘key’ to advancing CLARITY Act: Galaxy

The CLARITY Act is expected to give the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) more authority in overseeing and regulating digital assets, in a shift of roles usually handled by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

The Senate Agriculture Committee passed its version of the bill in a January markup, but the legislation must pass the banking committee, full Senate, and reconcile in the House of Representatives before potentially being signed into law.

What‘s in the bill?

CLARITY explicitly prohibits paying interest or yield on payment stablecoins, with the exception of “rewards or incentives based on bona fide activities or bona fide transactions that are not economically or functionally equivalent to the payment of interest or yield on an interest-bearing bank deposit.”

The bill also included language from the Blockchain Regulatory Certainty Act, legislation proposed to protect developers from money transmitter requirements. The advocacy organization DeFi Education Fund said in a Monday X post that it was “encouraged by the direction of recent negotiations” over the bill, noting the software developer protections.

Lawmakers did not include any provisions on ethics related to Democrats’ concerns over US President Donald Trump’s crypto ventures, such as his memecoin and his family’s World Liberty Financial business.

“This bill puts investors, our national security and our entire financial system at risk – and it will turbocharge Donald Trump’s crypto corruption,” said Massachusetts Senator Elizabeth Warren in response to the bill. “In just one year in office, the President and his family have raked in at least $1.4 billion in gains from crypto deals alone, and yet this bill stunningly includes zero provisions to prevent that.”

The Senate Agriculture Committee voted along party lines to advance the bill in January, but the legislation would require 60 votes to pass the Senate even if the same were to happen in the banking committee on Thursday. When stablecoin payments legislation, the GENIUS Act, was under consideration in the Senate in June 2025, many Democrats joined with Republicans to pass the bill in a 68-30 bipartisan vote.

Magazine: Guide to the top and emerging global crypto hubs: Mid-2026

Bitcoin Trader Records $13M in Unrealized Losses As BTC

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A Bitcoin (BTC) whale is now down about $13 million as BTC price has rebounded by around 40% from its February lows. However, the trader continues to stand by the short position.

Key takeaways:

  • A trader known as “pension-usdt.eth” is short 1,000 BTC worth roughly $81 million using 3x leverage.
  • The BTC short position will be fully liquidated at $100,810, while Kalshi bettors now assign a 50% probability of BTC reaching $100,000 in 2026.

Nearly $81 million risks liquidation if BTC hits $100,000

Known by the moniker ‘pension-usdt.eth,’ the trader is short 1,000 BTC, worth about $81.06 million, with 3x cross leverage, according to data gathered by HypurrScan.IO.

The position, with exposure of over $80.87 million, was opened when BTC was trading for $67,990. As of Tuesday, the cryptocurrency had risen to around $81,000–$82,000, leaving the short position down just shy of $13 million.

BTC and ETH short positions of pension-usdt.eth as of May 12. Source: HypurrScan.IO

The trader also holds a 20,000 Ether (ETH) short worth about $46.1 million, bringing total bearish exposure to more than $127 million.

Funding from both short BTC and ETH positions has added over $125,000, though that is dwarfed by the unrealized loss.

The drawdown is notable because pension-usdt.eth once had 20 straight wins and a win rate above 85%, said data resource Lookonchain in its April post.

Nonetheless, the trader confirmed that he is “still short,” and that “the trade makes sense.”

Source: X

The comments came as Bitcoin showed signs of upside exhaustion near a strong resistance confluence. This resistance level includes the 200-day simple moving average (200-day SMA, blue line) and the upper boundary of a rising wedge pattern, both around $82,430.

BTC/USD daily chart. Source: TradingView

A successful resolution of the wedge pattern will increase Bitcoin’s odds of dropping toward the measured target around $71,500. The trader’s unrealized loss on the 1,000 BTC short would shrink to roughly $3.5 million if that happens.

Analyst Crypto Kid further stressed that a rejection from the 200-day SMA has historically signaled prolonged bear markets.

“The last two times this retest occurred at the same point in Bitcoin’s four-year cycle, we dropped an average of 68%,” he said in a Monday post.

BTC/USD daily chart. Source: TradingView

A similar drawdown from current levels would send the BTC price under $30,000, turning pension-usdt.eth’s trade into a profit of roughly $38 million.

Analysts say Bitcoin’s structure no longer resembles prior bear markets

Some analysts argue that the current Bitcoin setup no longer resembles previous bear-market conditions.

Analyst CRG noted that during the 2022 bear cycle, Bitcoin did not post a single daily close above the Ichimoku cloud. This zone often serves as dynamic resistance in downtrends and support in uptrends.

BTC/USD daily chart. Source: TradingView/CRG

BTC’s eventual breakout above the cloud marked the start of a “new bull market.”

As of May, BTC was already trading comfortably above the daily cloud. For CRG, that weakens the bearish comparison with the last cycle.

BTC/USD daily chart. Source: TradingView/CRG

Pierre Rochard, CEO of The Bitcoin Bond Company, echoed a similar view, arguing that the current bear market has “materially decoupled from past cycles.”

Bitcoin drawdown from all-time highs to cycle lows. Source: Pierre Rochard

In a Tuesday post, Rochard said Bitcoin’s relative strength likely comes from a combination of steady ETF inflows and continued accumulation by Bitcoin treasury companies such as Strategy.

Related: Bitcoin price eyes $96K as institutions absorb 500% of daily BTC supply

On Kalshi, a prediction market platform, bettors now see 50% chance of Bitcoin hitting $100,000 in 2026.

Bitcoin price targets for 2026. Source: Kalshi

Pension-usdt.eth’s $81 million Bitcoin position will be liquidated entirely if the BTC price reaches $100,810.

Ethereum Foundation Launches Clear Signing Standard

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The initiative, anchored by ERC-7730 and a new attestation framework, aims to make human-readable transactions the default across wallets and protocols.

The Ethereum Foundation on Tuesday formally launched Clear Signing, an open standard intended to replace the unreadable hex strings that most wallet users still approve when signing on-chain transactions.

The initiative bundles three components: ERC-7730, a JSON descriptor format that lets contracts describe their functions in plain language; a neutral, mirrorable registry of those descriptors; and ERC-8176, an attestation framework that lets auditors cryptographically vouch for the accuracy of those descriptors. Open developer tooling rounds out the launch.

The Foundation said that blind signing, in which users approve raw hex data without being able to verify what they are authorizing, has fed “billions” in ecosystem losses.

How it Works

When a wallet supports ERC-7730, it reads a contract’s descriptor file alongside the raw calldata and reconstructs the transaction as something a person can actually read. A Uniswap V3 swap, for example, would render as “Send 1,000 USDC, receive minimum 0.42 WETH” rather than a function selector and a list of integers. Descriptors live in an open registry, but wallets independently decide which registry instances they trust, and any party can mirror or self-host.

ERC-8176 layers integrity attestations on top. After a descriptor is merged, auditors can publish signed attestations confirming its accuracy, letting wallets apply their own trust policies and weight descriptors that carry multiple independent reviews.

The Foundation is acting as a neutral steward. Contributors span hardware (Ledger, Trezor, ZKnox), software wallets (MetaMask, WalletConnect), security (Cyfrin), infrastructure (Fireblocks, Zama), and tooling (Sourcify, Argot). The work also ties into the Foundation’s Trillion Dollar Security initiative, a broader push to harden Ethereum infrastructure as on-chain institutional value climbs.

Ledger originated clear signing as an internal security project in 2021, formalized it as ERC-7730 in 2024, and earlier this year transferred governance to the Foundation to make the standard credibly neutral. The April 2026 release of ERC-7730 V2 expanded coverage to cross-chain use cases, software wallets, and confidential-token primitives.

Why it Matters

Blind signing has been a recurring root cause of high-profile crypto losses. February 2025’s $1.5B Bybit exploit and the roughly $235M WazirX breach both involved signers approving transactions whose true intent was not displayed, alongside a steady drip of wallet-drainer phishing attacks that hide malicious approvals behind opaque calldata.

Standardizing descriptors does not eliminate that risk on its own, since coverage depends on developers writing ERC-7730 files for their contracts and wallets choosing to honour them. But it lowers the bar dramatically: any wallet implementing the standard can render transactions for any protocol that has published a descriptor, without bespoke integrations.

This article was written with the assistance of AI workflows. All our stories are curated, edited and fact-checked by a human.