The CLARITY Act, the crypto lobby’s long-awaited regulatory framework, is finally headed to a markup session in the United States Senate Banking Committee.
It’s been a long road. The bill passed the House of Representatives on July 17, 2025, and has since been in deliberation in the Senate. Most recently, the crypto and banking lobbies were at loggerheads over whether stablecoins could offer interest, further delaying progress.
The two industry interest groups appear to have reached an agreement. However, this does not mean that the bill is finished. Indeed, far from it, as members could introduce contentious amendments, vote against reporting the bill to the Senate floor, or not produce a quorum.
With the vote set for May 14, here’s a quick look at who supports the bill on the Senate Banking Committee.
Supporters
Tim Scott (R-SC)
Source: US Senate
As Chairman of the Senate Banking Committee, Senator Scott has led the group’s work on CLARITY, stating his desire to make the US “the crypto capital of the world.”
He was also a cosponsor of the GENIUS Act regulating stablecoins, and voted for SAB 121, a resolution that made pro-crypto amendments to US banking standards.
Scott received an A grade from Coinbase’s crypto policy tracking site Stand With Crypto.
Mike Crapo (R-ID)
Source: US Senate
Senator Crapo supported the GENIUS Act, as well as SAB 121 and SJ Resolution 3. The latter was a Senate Resolution that disapproved of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) requiring DeFi services to collect user data.
While supporting the crypto industry with his votes, in his statements, Crapo has noted the need to create regulations with some investor protections. In a February 2018 statement, he said, “Technology is forward-looking, and we look to our regulators to continue carrying out their mandates, including investor protection, as the markets evolve.”
Crapo received an A from Stand With Crypto.
Mike Rounds (R-SD)
Source: US Senate
In addition to many of his Republican colleagues, Senator Rounds voted for GENIUS, SAB 121, and SJ Resolution 3.
Amid the pro-crypto furor that followed US President Donald Trump entering office, Rounds harshly criticized former President Joe Biden’s administration on its approach to crypto.
As the banking and crypto lobbies debated CLARITY, Rounds called for open negotiations, saying the public must have a chance to see what’s going on. Rounds himself has violated federal transparency laws by failing to disclose stock trades.
Rounds received an A from Stand With Crypto.
Thom Tillis (R-NC)
Source: US Senate
Tillis voted yes on GENIUS, SAB 121 and SJ Resolution 3. He also supported the Equal Opportunity for all Investors Act which, if it had passed, would have expanded who could have been considered a qualified investor under US securities law.
He supported the Trump administration’s decision to allow 401(k) retirement plans to invest in cryptocurrencies
Tillis said that the current form of CLARITY, which prohibits stablecoin rewards from resembling interest on bank deposits, but allows other forms of rewards, “helps put us on a bipartisan path to pass the CLARITY Act.”
Tillis received an A from Stand With Crypto.
John Neely Kennedy (R-LA)
Source: US Senate
Kennedy has supported pro-crypto regulations in the Senate like GENIUS, SAB 121 and SJ Resolution 3.
In an October 2025 statement on the floor of the US Senate, Kennedy said that the market structure bill would be “one of the most important pieces of legislation that this body will consider.”
Kennedy received an A from Stand With Crypto.
Bill Hagerty (R-TN)
Source: Bill Hagerty
Senator Hagerty is very pro-crypto, introducing the GENIUS Act to the Senate as a co-sponser. He also co-sponsored SJ Resolution 3, voted for SAB 121, and co-sponsored the Capital Gains Inflation Relief Act of 2023. The latter proposed indexing tax of certain assets, like Bitcoin, to inflation to reduce capital gains taxes on long-term investments. It didn’t pass.
Hagerty has said on many occasions that CLARITY is needed to make American markets more competitive. “In the race to lead in digital assets, America’s markets are our competitive edge,” he said in April.
Hagerty received an A from Stand With Crypto.
Cynthia Lummis (R-WY)
Source: Cynthia Lummis
Senator Lummis has long been an advocate for the crypto industry in the United States. She co-sponsored GENIUS and sponsored the Blockchain Regulatory Certainty Act of 2026.
The latter would acknowledge that blockchain developers and infrastructure providers don’t have control over users’ digital assets, and therefore cannot be classified as money transmitters under federal law. It has been referred to the banking committee.
She has also sponsored a bill to create a “Mined in America” certification for Bitcoin miners. This would ostensibly encourage miners to locate in the US rather than set up compute infrastructure overseas.
Ahead of the markup sessions, she said, “After nearly a year of bipartisan work, this markup brings us one step closer to cementing America’s place as the global leader in financial innovation.”
Lummis received an A from Stand With Crypto.
Katie Britt (R-AL)
Source: US Senate
Senator Britt has supported several pro-crypto bills, voting for SAB 121, GENIUS and SJ Resolution 3.
Like many of her colleagues, Britt has made crypto regulation an issue of national competition. She wrote on X in 2021, “Supporting #Bitcoin means supporting personal freedom, American competitiveness and national security.”
Britt received an A from Stand With Crypto.
Pete Ricketts (R-NE)
Source: US Senate
Senator Ricketts has supported the GENIUS Act, SJ Resolution 3 as well as SAB 121. In regulating the cryptocurrency market, he said the goal was “making sure the digital asset market is both innovative and predictable.”
Ricketts received an A from Stand With Crypto.
Jim Banks (R-IN)
Source: US Senate
Senator Banks is a reliable pro-crypto vote on the Senate Banking Committee. He supported the GENIUS Act and cosponsored SJ Resolution 3.
He previously co-sponsored and voted for the CBDC Anti-Surveillance State Act and FIT21 in the House before moving to the Senate. The latter clarified jurisdiction over crypto, shifting it primarily from the SEC to the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC).
In a June 2024 X post, Banks said that Trump “is the best choice for Bitcoin,” signaling a broader alignment between his crypto views and the MAGA political coalition.
Banks received an A from Stand With Crypto.
Kevin Cramer (R-ND)
Source: US Senate
Senator Cramer voted for GENIUS, SJ Resolution 3 and the earlier SAB 121 resolution, building a consistently pro-crypto voting record.
He has vocally supported the CLARITY Act, and keeping America as a leader in the industry. He argued in a March 2026 Fox Business appearance that the US “cannot allow digital assets and digital industry to go overseas.”
Cramer received an A from Stand With Crypto.
Bernie Moreno (R-OH)
Source: US Senate
Senator Moreno is an outspoken crypto advocate, himself shifting into blockchain collectibles from a career in the automotive industry. He co-sponsored SJ Resolution 3 and voted for GENIUS.
On the campaign trail, he repeatedly attacked his predecessor, Democrat Sherrod Brown, as an “extremist” on crypto regulation, and once declared that “our Founding Fathers would have been bitcoiners.”
Since joining the Senate, Moreno has served on the Digital Assets Subcommittee and has been named by industry analysts as a likely early supporter of the CLARITY Act.
Moreno received an A from Stand With Crypto.
David H. McCormick (R-PA)
Source: David McCormick
Senator McCormick, the former CEO of Bridgewater Associates, has voted for GENIUS and SJ Resolution 3, and has personally invested over $1 million in a spot Bitcoin ETF since taking office.
In a 2024 op-ed, McCormick wrote that blockchain and crypto “offer America the chance to lead another generation of critical innovation” and warned that without regulatory clarity, the industry would develop and thrive elsewhere. He now sits on the Senate Banking Committee’s Digital Assets Subcommittee.
McCormick received an A from Stand With Crypto.
Angela Alsobrooks (D-MD)
Source: US Senate
Senator Alsobrooks voted for GENIUS at every stage and has supported SJ Resolution 3.
On CLARITY, she co-negotiated a compromise with Tillis on the question of stablecoin rewards, agreeing to the language that bars passive interest-like payments on stablecoins while preserving other forms of rewards.
Her spokesperson has also signaled that bipartisan ethics provisions are a prerequisite for her final support. Industry analysts classify her as “constructive/pro-framework.”
Alsobrooks received an A from Stand With Crypto.
Ruben Gallego (D-AZ)
Source: Ruben Gallego
Senator Gallego is the Ranking Member of the Senate Banking Committee’s Digital Assets Subcommittee. He voted for GENIUS at both cloture stages and on final passage, and voted for SJ Resolution 3 and the earlier FIT21 and SAB 121 measures in the House.
Galaxy Digital classifies him as “constructive/pro-framework” on CLARITY. However, Gallego has also joined colleagues in pressing the DOJ and Treasury to investigate Binance over alleged Iran-linked fund flows.
Gallego received an A from Stand With Crypto.
Opponents
Elizabeth Warren (D-MA)
Source: US Senate
Senator Warren is the Senate’s most prominent and prolific crypto skeptic, and has used her role as Ranking Member of the Banking Committee to lead Democratic opposition to major crypto legislation.
She voted against both cloture attempts on GENIUS and against its final passage, and sponsored the Digital Asset Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2023, which Stand With Crypto classified as “very anti-crypto.”
At a July 2025 committee hearing, Warren laid out priorities for any crypto market structure legislation, including closing anti-money laundering loopholes and barring public officials from profiting off crypto tokens.
On the CLARITY Act, she has called the legislation a “corruption superhighway” and urged colleagues not to pass any crypto bill without addressing presidential conflicts of interest.
Warren received an F from Stand With Crypto.
Jack Reed (D-RI)
Source: US Senate
Senator Reed has been a consistent skeptic of pro-crypto legislation, voting against both cloture votes and the final GENIUS Act passage in June 2025.
In a Senate floor statement, Reed called the bill “fundamentally flawed,” arguing it exposed taxpayers to crypto company bailouts and created venues for “criminals, terrorists, and rogue governments.”
He has also led bipartisan anti-money laundering efforts targeting DeFi, cosponsoring the CANSEE Act with Republican senators including Mike Rounds.
Reed received an F from Stand With Crypto.
Chris Van Hollen (D-MD)
Source: US Senate
Senator Van Hollen voted against GENIUS and is expected to oppose the CLARITY Act as well. He also voted against SAB 121, SJ Resolution 3. He co-sponsored a bill, the Digital Asset Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2023, that would make some crypto companies subject to the Bank Secrecy Act compliance regime.
He has co-signed multiple anti-crypto letters with Warren, including a 2023 letter to the DOJ requesting an investigation into Binance.
Van Hollen also co-sponsored the End Crypto Corruption Act, which would ban elected officials and their families from issuing or endorsing crypto assets.
Van Hollen received an F from Stand With Crypto.
Tina Smith (D-MN)
Source: US Senate
Senator Smith voted against GENIUS and is expected to oppose CLARITY. She has been a vocal critic of the legislation’s potential to enable presidential corruption, and in June 2025 posted that Republicans were “jamming through the GENIUS Act which will turbocharge Donald Trump’s crypto corruption.”
Smith has also raised concerns about allowing crypto and private equity into 401(k) retirement accounts, joining Warren in opposing a Trump executive order to that effect.
Smith received an F from Stand With Crypto.
On the fence
Catherine Cortez Masto (D-NV)
Source: US Senate
Senator Cortez Masto has carved out a complicated position on crypto, supporting consumer protection and anti-money laundering measures while ultimately voting for the GENIUS Act.
As a former Nevada attorney general, she has focused on closing loopholes exploited by drug cartels and terrorist organizations. She cosponsored Warren’s Digital Asset Anti-Money Laundering Act and pushed to ensure the GENIUS Act included stronger foreign issuer oversight.
After its passage, Cortez Masto said the law was “an important first step toward clarity and security” but added that “there is still more work to do to protect consumers and our national security.” Industry analysts at Galaxy Digital classify her as a “conditional dealmaker” on the CLARITY Act.
Cortez Masto has received an A from Stand With Crypto.
Mark Warner (D-VA)
Source: US Senate
Senator Warner has a more nuanced and at times industry-friendly approach than some of his Democratic colleagues. He voted for GENIUS at both cloture stages and on final passage, and voted for SJ Resolution 3, though he voted against the earlier SAB 121 resolution.
Warner has pushed for tax compliance and sanctions enforcement in the crypto space, co-introducing the Digital Asset Sanctions Compliance Enhancement Act in 2022 in the wake of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. He also pushed back against overly broad regulations that would snare legitimate participants.
He serves on the Digital Assets Subcommittee and is seen by analysts as a “conditional dealmaker” on the CLARITY Act.
Warner has received an A from Stand With Crypto.
Raphael Warnock (D-GA)
Source: US Senate
Senator Warnock has a more neutral voting record on crypto legislation, initially voting against cloture on GENIUS, then eventually voting to support it.
“We’re already using these products. And so from a public policy point of view, one of the questions for me, is, what will leave the consumers in a better place? So we clearly need some kind of regulatory structure,” Warnock told NBC News.
He also has been a strong proponent for ethics and conflicts of interest clauses in crypto regulations, co-sponsoring the End Crypto Corruption Act targeting.
Industry analysts classify him as a “conditional dealmaker” on CLARITY.
Warnock has received a C from Stand With Crypto.
Andy Kim (D-NJ)
Source: US Senate
Like Warnock, Kim initially voted against cloture for GENIUS before eventually voting to pass it. He supported SJ Resolution 3 and also voted for FIT21.
Senator Kim, who is the newest Democrat on the Banking Committee, is categorized by Galaxy Digital as a conditional dealmaker on CLARITY, as he is willing to support a framework but attentive to anti-money laundering and consumer protection controls.
He cosponsored the End Crypto Corruption Act and joined colleagues in pressing the DOJ and Treasury to investigate Binance over alleged Iran-linked funds.
Kim has received a C from Stand With Crypto.
Lisa Blunt Rochester (D-DE)
Source: US Senate
As a House member, Blunt Rochester voted for SAB 121 and supported several pro-crypto measures. But she voted against final passage of the GENIUS Act as a senator, making her the outlier among the Democrats who had supported its earlier procedural stages.
Industry analysts at Galaxy Digital labeled her “mixed,” and she is seen as a potential swing vote on CLARITY depending on the strength of ethics and illicit finance provisions added to the bill. She cosponsored the End Crypto Corruption Act.
Blunt Rochester has received a D from Stand With Crypto.
